You take it when you’re experiencing a toothache, headache, migraines, severe pain after an operation or minor surgery and even during childbirth. Painkillers are a commonly administered drug that primarily relieves pain. Some can be bought over the counter while some can only be prescribed by certified medical professionals. But, do you know what are the side effects that could possibly arise from improper consumption of this drug?

What are Painkillers?

Painkillers or analgesics are drugs that are designed to relieve pain. These drugs can either be purchased over the counter or through prescription and comes in various dosage forms which include pills, liquids, suppositories
and patches.

Types of Painkillers
There are several types of painkillers but here are three commonly-used drugs:

• Paracetamol
  (Malaysians often use paracetamol from the brand, Panadol)
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  Examples of NSAIDs include ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen and aspirin.
• Opiods
  There are weak opioids and strong opioids, sometimes called opiates. Examples of weak opioids include codeine and dihydrocodeine. Although commonly described as ‘weak opioids’, they are extremely effective analgesics often used to treat severe pain; however, they can lead to significant addiction and adverse effects, so should not be underestimated. Examples of strong opioids include morphine, oxycodone, pethidine and tramadol.

Don’t Sideline these Side Effects

1 .NSAIDs can sometimes cause stomach and gut bleeding, and cardiovascular problems.

2. Some people intentionally overdose on paracetamol. This can damage your liver permanently and may result in death.

3. Opioids can cause nausea and vomiting, particularly at the start of treatment. It can also cause constipation, dry mouth, drowsiness and confusion.

4. Paracetamols can cause allergic reactions such as rash, hives and facial swelling.

5. NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. This is particularly for those who take heavy dosages of the drug, above the age of 65, has a history of stomach ulcers, smokes and/or drinks alcohol.

6. The allergic reaction for NSAIDs include skin rash, itchiness, facial swelling, irritation, wheezing and hives.

7. People with pre-existing coronary artery disease who are on NSAIDs may also be at high risk for heart and kidney-related risks.

8. People who regularly consume opioids may develop tolerance against the drug. Over time, your body needs more of the drug to get the same effect.

9. Opioids can also cause addiction, meaning you want to keep taking these drugs even when you don’t need them anymore.